Molecule two
or more atoms covalently bonded together.
Ion a
charged particle. Usually formed when atoms lose or gain electrons.
Compound substance
containing two or more elements bonded together.
Proton a
particle found in the nucleus. It has a mass of 1 and a charge of +1.
Neutron a
particle found in the nucleus. It has a mass of 1 and a charge of 0.
Electron found
in shells around the nucleus. It has a mass of 1/2000 and
a charge of -1.
The nucleus is tiny compared to the size of
the atom but it contains nearly all of the mass of the atom.
In
an atom the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons, therefore, the charges cancel each other out so the atom has no charge.
If an atom
has gained an electron(s) it becomes a negative
ion and so has more electrons than protons.
If an atom
has lost an electron(s) it becomes a positive
ion and so has more protons than electrons.
- ‘12’ is representing the atomic number, which tells us the number of protons.
- ‘6’ is the mass number that equals the number of protons + the number of neutrons.
- So the number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number
Isotopes atoms
of the same element with the same number
of protons (atomic number) but different
number of neutrons (mass number).
They have the same number of electrons in their outer shell and therefore do the
same chemical reactions.
They can be detected by using a mass spectrometer, which I will talk
about in one of my later blogs.
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